1. 安装Nginx和git (服务器端)#

1.1. Installing the Nginx Web Server# 

sudo yum install nginx

sudo systemctl enable nginx
sudo systemctl start nginx

1.2. Adjusting Firewall Rules#

Run the following command to permanently enable HTTP connections on port 80:

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http

To verify that the http firewall service was added correctly, you can run:

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --list-all

You’ll see output like this:

public
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: 
  sources: 
  services: cockpit dhcpv6-client http ssh
  ports: 
  protocols: 
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports: 
  source-ports: 
  icmp-blocks: 
  rich rules:

To apply the changes, you’ll need to reload the firewall service:

sudo firewall-cmd --reload

2. 创建新的用户 git (服务端)# 

useradd git
passwd git

# 给git用户配置sudo权限
chmod 740 /etc/sudoers
vim /etc/sudoers
# 找到root ALL=(ALL) ALL，在它下方加入一行
git ALL=(ALL) ALL

chmod 400 /etc/sudoers

2.1. 添加公钥认证# 

su git
cd

mkdir -p ~/.ssh
touch ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 700 ~/.ssh

#把本地电脑ssh的公钥加进去  ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 
vim ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

2.2. git-hooks 自动部署#

注意, 现在服务器有两个用户git和root, 然后他们只有自己的home目录是独立的, 而根目录下的比如/etc/, /usr这都是他们两个用户共享的, 看下面的输出你就知道什么意思了,

ls -a /home/git/
.  ..  .bash_logout  .bash_profile  .bashrc  .ssh  .viminfo

# 因为我们是在用户git下访问的, 所以得用sudo才能访问root用户的文件
sudo ls -a /root/
.   .bash_logout   .bashrc  .cshrc  .ssh     .viminfo
..  .bash_profile  .cache   .pki    .tcshrc

好了不解释了, 开始设置git-hook以及服务器文件相关配置:

# 新建目录，这是git仓库的位置
sudo mkdir -p /var/repo
# 这里是我们网站网页的位置 
sudo mkdir -p /var/www/hexo

# 创建个bare repository 
cd /var/repo  
sudo git init --bare blog.git
sudo vim /var/repo/blog.git/hooks/post-update

post-update的内容如下:

#!/bin/bash
git --work-tree=/var/www/hexo --git-dir=/var/repo/blog.git checkout -f

给post-update授权:

cd /var/repo/blog.git/hooks/
sudo chown -R git:git /var/repo/
sudo chown -R git:git /var/www/hexo

# 赋予其可执行权限
sudo chmod +x post-update

3. 配置Nginx# 

cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
sudo vim blog.conf

blog.conf的内容如下(注意因为我为域名添加个A记录然后www作为HOSTNAME, 如果你的域名只有一个A记录然后HOSTNAME还是空, 那你就填二级域名就好了davidzhu.xyz这样, 不懂的话请看我的域名分级和DNS记录之何为www：

server {
    listen    80 default_server;
    listen    [::] default_server;
    server_name    www.davidzhu.xyz;
    root    /var/www/hexo;
}

nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

nginx -s reload

4. 在本地安装Hexo#

Installing Hexo is quite easy and only requires the following beforehand:

  • Node.js (Should be at least Node.js 10.13, recommends 12.0 or higher)
  • Git
  • node -v查看是否安装了node

4.1 Install Node.js#

4.1.1. Install nvm# 

wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nvm-sh/nvm/v0.39.3/install.sh | bash

source ~/.bashrc

source ~/.zshrc

bash is an sh-compatible command language interpreter that executes commands read from the standard input or from a file.

We strongly recommend using a Node version manager like nvm to install Node.js and npm. We do not recommend using a Node installer, since the Node installation process installs npm in a directory with local permissions and can cause permissions errors when you run npm packages globally.

4.1.2. Install node# 

nvm install node # "node" is an alias for the latest version

# uninstall, 19.8.1是node的版本
nvm uninstall 19.8.1

# 尽量使用16.0.0版本的, 不然会出现问题: node: /lib64/libm.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.27' not found (required by node)
nvm install 16.0.0

4.2. 安装Hexo#

安装hexo以及相关插件,

sudo npm install hexo-cli hexo-server hexo-deployer-git -g

5. 在本地配置hexo#

5.1. 初始化hexo# 

hexo init ~/blog

5.2. 配置hexo#

5.2.1 设置主题和deploy# 

cd ~/blog

git clone https://github.com/next-theme/hexo-theme-next themes/next

编辑_config.yml

vi _config.yml

找到theme, 改为next, 顺便也改一下deploy设置, 找到对应内容改为如下:

# Extensions
## Plugins: https://hexo.io/plugins/
## Themes: https://hexo.io/themes/
theme: next

# Deployment
## Docs: https://hexo.io/docs/one-command-deployment
# 必须填ip地址
deploy:
  type: git
  repo: root@144.202.12.32:/var/repo/blog.git
  branch: master

在deploy之前需要在服务器的root用户加上本地电脑的公钥(~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub), 否则你没权限提交git, 和github同理, 我猜的,

vi /root/.ssh/authorized_keys

# 清除缓存
hexo clean
# 生成静态页面
hexo generate
# 注意要使用这个命令 否则使用hexo deploy的时候会出现找不到git报错
npm install hexo-deployer-git --save
# 将本地静态页面目录部署到云服务器
hexo deploy

6. 修改git用户默认shell环境# 

vim /etc/passwd
# 修改最后一行
# 将/bin/bash修改为/usr/bin/git-shell

7. bug总结#

首先, /Users/shaowen/blog/_config.yml里的内容, delopy那部分, 不可以填错, master分支是master, 不是main, 也可以是main但是现在没空研究具体怎么操作,

其次浏览器出错说403 forbidden, 这种情况就去看看网页目录下有没有文件, 即我们在本地电脑的部署的hexo可能并没有成功的部署到服务器, 因为权限问题或者服务器的那个hooks脚本没有执行权限导致无法自动更新,

你可以把hooks也就是/var/repo/blog.git/hooks/post-update里命令的复制出来在服务器执行一下,看看会不会有效果,